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A complete English edition of this article has not been published. The complete available Chinese version is shown below.

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Measuring principles4 min readContent language: ChineseUpdated 23 October 2026

显示到1毫米,是否等于实际误差只有1毫米?

分辨率、重复性和测量误差回答不同问题,不能相互替代。

显示位数只说明读数刻度

分辨率描述系统区分数值变化的能力,显示到毫米并不能证明结果与真实液位只差一毫米。重复性关注同样条件下多次结果的一致程度;测量误差还可能包含参考点、安装、回波识别及系统换算产生的偏差。

现场精度要有比较条件

核对技术参数时应查看适用距离、介质与参考条件,并区分仪表本身和整个回路。拿卷尺粗略估算的料位与小数位丰富的屏显相比,不能直接得出合格或不合格结论;参照方法自身也存在不确定度。

把验收要求写成可执行条款

向道威斯顿明确允许误差、核验区间、参照方法和测试状态,再商定记录格式。固体料堆局部高度不等于平均库存高度,库存核验尤其需要区分测点代表性与雷达测距误差,避免向同一指标提出互相冲突的要求。

测量误差核验前的准备清单

没有一致的参照和测试状态,重复读出很多小数位也无法证明现场结果可靠。

  • 约定被比较的量是距离、液位还是库存,并说明参照点;不要把一个局部料面高度与整仓平均高度直接比较。
  • 记录参照方法、可达到的位置和自身误差来源,选择满足现场安全要求的核验方式,不为了取值擅自开罐或登高。
  • 在相同过程状态和时间点记录结果,注明搅拌、波动、泡沫及温度等条件,避免把过程变化计入仪表误差。
  • 把重复测量的离散程度、固定偏差和随量程变化的偏差分开观察,再决定需检查参考点、换算还是测量跟踪。

假设判断:连续显示不变也可能存在偏差

假设雷达连续几次都显示同一高度,看起来重复性很好,但与经确认的参照始终存在固定差值。这种现象说明读数稳定,尚不能证明准确;应检查参考点、工艺零点和系统偏置,再考虑仪表校验。相反,若参照本身来自不断波动的液面,比较值散乱也未必代表仪表重复性差。客户和销售可以先统一测试条件,再解释指标。这个假设帮助区分几种性能术语,不能用某一次偶然一致或小数位数量替代正式验收。

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