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A complete English edition of this article has not been published. The complete available Chinese version is shown below.

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Measuring principles5 min readContent language: ChineseUpdated 23 October 2026

表压和绝压压力传感器有什么区别,应该选哪种?

先确定压力的零点参照,再比较量程和输出;单位相同也不代表测量含义相同。

区别在于参照压力

表压表示过程绝对压力与现场大气压之差;绝压以绝对真空为参照。因此把测量口接到当地大气时,通气表压应接近零,绝压则接近当地大气压力。两者都写 bar 或 kPa 时,数字仍不能直接比较,订单上必须同时写清压力类型。

按控制目标选择

设备气路或液压回路若关心相对环境的压力,常从表压方案评估。真空过程、气体状态计算等若要求绝对压力,应明确采用绝压测量,或提供经论证的换算方案。不能在程序里永久加一个固定大气压,就认定跨海拔和天气条件都等效。

避免替换时改错基准

把旧铭牌、控制目标、安装地点以及 PLC 的量程设置交给道威斯顿,尤其标出“零压力”指放空大气还是抽真空。调试应在相同参照条件下比较标准器与被测件,再判断是否存在零点偏差,不能因读数不为零就直接调零。

现场核对:先定义压力基准

  • 工艺文件中标注表压或绝压,并确认原仪表、标准器和程序使用相同的参照。
  • 写清放空、正常运行与抽真空时预期显示什么数值,特别检查“零压力”的具体含义。
  • 涉及气体状态计算时,确认公式要求的输入是否为绝压,避免把表压直接代入。
  • 设备跨地点使用时记录海拔和大气变化是否影响目标结果,另行核对温度等误差。

假设例子:显示差一个大气压,不一定是故障

假设客户把一只表压件换成相同数值量程的绝压件,过程口放空时发现新件不显示零。若暂设当地大气压力约为一百千帕,绝压件接近这一数值属于基准差异,不能据此认定零点损坏。这里的大气压力仅用于说明概念,不能当作所有地点的固定换算常量。

正确做法是先回到工艺目标:控制的是容器内剩余绝对压力,还是高于环境的压力。再按所需参照确认传感器版本及程序。销售应索取原件完整铭牌,并请客户用文字描述一个已知状态下希望看到的结果,往往比单问“要几个压力”更容易发现基准误选。

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